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| Year : 2014 | Volume
: 31
| Issue : 2 | Page : 122 |
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| Role of cytology in herpetic stomatitis |
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Surendran Vidyanath1, Usha Balan1, Samir Ahmed1, Dexton Antony Johns2
1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KMCT Dental College, Calicut, Kerala, India
2 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KMCT Dental College, Calicut, Kerala, India
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| Date of Web Publication | 14-Aug-2014 |
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How to cite this article:
Vidyanath S, Balan U, Ahmed S, Johns DA. Role of cytology in herpetic stomatitis. J Cytol 2014;31:122 |
Sir,
Herpetic stomatitis is an infectious viral disease caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). The disease occurring in children are usually primary lesions and are called as primary herpetic stomatitis. The only natural reservoirs for these viruses are humans. On reactivation, these viruses develop recurrent infections and are called as recurrent herpetic labialis/stomatitis. In this article, we are reporting a case with all the characteristic cytological features of herpetic stomatitis.
A 31-year-old female patient attended our dental department with painful ulcers on her left buccal mucosa. Patient had generalized weakness and myalgia. Cytosmear was taken by scraping the lesion gently with a tongue blade. The sample was smeared on a glass slide, spray fixed and stained with Papanicolaou stain. Cytosmear showed epithelial cell with ballooning degeneration, margination of nuclear chromatin along the nuclear membranes, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies and perinuclear halo around the nucleus [Figure 1]a. Few multinucleated giant cells were seen which showed ground glass nuclei with margination of nuclear chromatin [Figure 1]b and c. Some of the giant nuclei showed nuclear molding along with ground glass appearance and margination of the nuclear chromatin [Figure 1]d. This appearance suggested a viral infection probably due to HSV. | Figure 1: (a) Epithelial cells with ballooning degeneration, margination of nuclear chromatin along the nuclear membranes, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies and perinuclear halo around the nucleus (Pap, ×400). (b and c) Multinucleated giant cells showing ground glass nuclei with margination of nuclear chromatin (Pap, ×400). (d) Giant cell nuclei showing nuclear molding along with ground glass appearance and margination of the nuclear chromatin (Pap, ×400)
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Diagnostic cytology is primarily used for the detection of epithelial and cellular abnormalities and infectious diseases. Cytodiagnosis is very simple, rapid, cheap and reliable method for diagnosing cutaneous tumors, immunobullous lesions, infectious diseases and genodermatosis. [1] Intranuclear inclusion bodies surrounded by subtle clear halo are characteristic of herpetic infection, but are often difficult to find. [1] The main cytologic feature of HSV is the remarkable nuclear changes seen in the infected cells. Nuclear alterations such as ballooning degeneration, nuclei with homogenous ground glass appearance, molded nuclei with prominent eosinophilic inclusion and multinucleation may be seen. [2] The multinucleated giant cells in the herpetic lesion may be similar to other giant cells seen in various oral lesions, but nuclear changes like molding and ground glass appearance are characteristic features of herpes. As cytologic differentiation between herpes simplex, herpes zoster and varicella is not possible; a clinical correlation and monoclonal antibody assay or viral culture may be required to ascertain the final diagnosis. Since biopsy is an invasive procedure, oral cytology can be a primary step in diagnosing infectious diseases like herpes. Cytology is the most rapid method of diagnosing these lesions, thereby helping in its prompt treatment.
 References | |  |
| 1. | Gupta LK, Singhi MK. Tzanck smear: A useful diagnostic tool. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2005;71:295-9. 
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| 2. | Powers CN. Diagnosis of infectious diseases: A cytopathologist′s perspective. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998;11:341-65.
[PUBMED] |
Correspondence Address:
Surendran Vidyanath
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KMCT Dental College, Calicut, Kerala
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.138697
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| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Impact of different types of herpesviral infections in the oral cavity |
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| Ronaldo Luis Thomasini,Fabiana Souza Máximo Pereira | | World Journal of Stomatology. 2016; 5(2): 22 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
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